Various national governments - the most commonly accused being Pakistan, Australia, the US and China - are accused of funding supposedly independent terrorist cells. One of the popular iterations of this conspiracy blames IRA attacks in the United Kingdom during the 20th Century on a single government (usually European or American). The most extreme versions of this conspiracy believe that the entire “terror scare” of the 2000s was constructed from start to finish by governments and organisations who had an interest in using counter-terrorism measures for their own ends.